Enye yezinsimbi ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni yithusi. Ngaphandle kwayo, asikwazi ukwenza izinto esizithatha kalula njengokuvula izibani noma ukubuka i-TV. Ithusi yimithambo eyenza amakhompyutha asebenze. Besingeke sikwazi ukuhamba ngezimoto ngaphandle kwethusi. Ezokuxhumana bezizoma zingasebenzi. Futhi amabhethri e-lithium-ion abengeke asebenze nhlobo ngaphandle kwayo.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenzisa izinsimbi ezifana nethusi ne-aluminium ukudala ishaja kagesi. Ibhethri ngalinye le-lithium-ion line-graphite anode, i-metal oxide cathode, futhi lisebenzisa ama-electrolyte avikelwe yisihlukanisi. Ukushaja ibhethri kubangela ukuthi ama-ion e-lithium ageleze ngama-electrolyte futhi aqoqeke ku-graphite anode kanye nama-electron athunyelwe ngokuxhumeka. Ukukhipha i-plug yebhethri kubuyisela ama-ion lapho afike khona futhi kuphoqe ama-electron ukuthi adlule kusekethe ukudala ugesi. Ibhethri lizophela uma wonke ama-ion e-lithium nama-electron ebuyela ku-cathode.
Ngakho-ke, iyiphi indima edlalwa yithusi ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion? I-Graphite ixutshwa nethusi lapho kudalwa i-anode. Ithusi liyamelana ne-oxidation, okuyinqubo yamakhemikhali lapho ama-electron ento eyodwa elahleka kwenye into. Lokhu kubangela ukugqwala. I-oxidation yenzeka lapho ikhemikhali nomoya-mpilo kuhlangana nento, njengokuthi insimbi ihlangana kanjani namanzi nomoya-mpilo kudala ukugqwala. Ithusi empeleni alikwazi ukugqwala.
Ifoyili yethusiisetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ngoba akukho mingcele ngobukhulu bayo. Ungaba nayo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ibe mncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ithusi ngokwemvelo yayo liyisiqoqi samandla kagesi esinamandla, kodwa futhi livumela ukusabalala okukhulu nokulinganayo kwamandla kagesi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-foil yethusi: egoqiwe kanye ne-electrolytic. I-foil yethusi egoqiwe eyisisekelo isetshenziselwa yonke imisebenzi yobuciko nemiklamo. Idalwa ngenqubo yokungenisa ukushisa ngenkathi uyicindezela phansi ngezikhonkwane ezigoqiwe. Ukudala i-foil yethusi e-electrolytic kuhileleke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Iqala ngokuncibilikisa ithusi lekhwalithi ephezulu ku-asidi. Lokhu kudala i-electrolyte yethusi engangezwa kuthusi ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrolytic plating. Kule nqubo, ugesi usetshenziselwa ukwengeza i-electrolyte yethusi ku-foil yethusi kuma-drum ajikelezayo ashaja ngogesi.
I-foil yethusi ayinazo iziphambeko zayo. I-foil yethusi ingagobeka. Uma lokho kwenzeka khona-ke ukuqoqwa kwamandla nokuhlakazeka kungathinteka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-foil yethusi ingathinteka yimithombo yangaphandle njengezibonakaliso ze-electromagnetic, amandla e-microwave, kanye nokushisa okukhulu. Lezi zinto zinganciphisa noma zibhubhise ikhono le-foil yethusi lokusebenza kahle. Ama-alkali kanye namanye ama-asidi angalimaza ukusebenza kahle kwe-foil yethusi. Yingakho izinkampani ezifana ne-I-CIVENIzinsimbi zakha izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-copper foil.
Bane-foil yethusi evikelwe elwa nokushisa nezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka. Benza i-foil yethusi yemikhiqizo ethile efana namabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) kanye namabhodi wesekethe aguquguqukayo (ama-FCB). Ngokwemvelo benza i-foil yethusi yamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion aya ngokuya eba yinto evamile, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni njengoba enika amandla ama-induction motors afana nalawo akhiqizwa yiTesla. Ama-induction motors anezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo futhi asebenza kangcono. Ama-induction motors ayebhekwa njengangatholakali ngenxa yezidingo zamandla ezazingatholakali ngaleso sikhathi. I-Tesla yakwazi ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke ngamaseli ayo ebhethri le-lithium-ion. Iseli ngalinye lakhiwe ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion ngamanye, wonke ane-foil yethusi.
Isidingo se-copper foil sesifinyelele phezulu kakhulu. Imakethe ye-copper foil yenze imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-7 zamaRandi ngo-2019 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi yenze imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-8 zamaRandi ngo-2026. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha kwemboni yezimoto ezithembisa ukushintsha kusuka ezinjinini zokushisa zangaphakathi ziye kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Kodwa-ke, izimoto ngeke kube yizona zodwa imboni ezithintekayo njengoba amakhompyutha nezinye izinto zikagesi nazo zisebenzisa i-copper foil. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi intengo ye-i-foil yethusiizoqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion aqala ukuba nelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1976, futhi azokhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezentengiselwano ngo-1991. Eminyakeni eyalandela, amabhethri e-lithium-ion azothandwa kakhulu futhi azothuthukiswa kakhulu. Uma sibheka ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezimotweni, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi azothola okunye ukusetshenziswa ezweni elincike emandleni avuthayo njengoba ephinde ashajwe futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ayikusasa lamandla, kodwa awalutho ngaphandle kwe-foil yethusi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-25-2022