Icwecwe lethusi, leli shidi lethusi elibonakala lilula kakhulu elizacile, linenqubo yokukhiqiza entekenteke kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko ukukhishwa nokucwengwa kwethusi, ukukhiqizwa kwefoyili yethusi, kanye nezinyathelo zangemva kokucubungula.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhishwa nokucwengwa kwethusi. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-United States Geological Survey (USGS), ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwetshe lensimbi yethusi kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngo-2021 (USGS, 2021). Ngemva kokukhipha insimbi yethusi, ngezinyathelo ezinjengokuchotshozwa, ukugaya, nokuntanta, ukugxilisa ithusi okunokuqukethwe kwethusi okungaba ngu-30% kungatholakala. Lokhu kugxilisa ithusi bese kungena inqubo yokucwenga, okuhlanganisa ukuncibilika, ukucwengwa kwesiguquli, kanye ne-electrolysis, ekugcineni kukhiphe ithusi le-electrolytic elimsulwa elifinyelela ku-99.99%.
Okulandelayo kuza inqubo yokukhiqiza ucwecwe lwethusi, olungahlukaniswa lube izinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngendlela yokukhiqiza: ucwecwe lwethusi lwe-electrolytic kanye nocwecwe lwethusi olugoqiwe.
I-Electrolytic copper foil yenziwa ngenqubo ye-electrolytic. Engqamuzaneni ye-electrolytic, i-anode yethusi incibilika kancane kancane ngaphansi kwesenzo se-electrolyte, futhi ama-ion ethusi, aqhutshwa amandla amanje, aya ngase-cathode futhi enze amadiphozi ethusi endaweni ye-cathode. Ugqinsi lwe-foil yethusi ye-electrolytic ngokuvamile lusukela ku-5 kuya ku-200 micrometers, olungalawulwa ngokunembile ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe bebhodi lesifunda (PCB) eliphrintiwe (Yu, 1988).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwecwe lwethusi olugoqiwe lwenziwa ngomshini. Kusukela eshidini lethusi elingamamilimitha ambalwa awugqinsi, liyancishiswa kancane kancane ngokugoqeka, ekugcineni likhiqize ucwecwe lwethusi olunogqinsi olusezingeni le-micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). Lolu hlobo lwe-foil yethusi lunobuso obushelelezi kune-electrolytic copper foil, kodwa inqubo yalo yokukhiqiza idla amandla amaningi.
Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwe-foil yethusi, ngokuvamile idinga ukuqhutshwa ngemuva kokucubungula, okuhlanganisa ukuthungatha, ukwelashwa kwendawo, njll, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo. Isibonelo, ukudonsa kungathuthukisa ukudumba nokuqina kwefoyili yethusi, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kwendawo (okufana ne-oxidation noma ukugcoba) kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala nokunamathela kwefoyili yethusi.
Kafushane, nakuba inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefoyili yethusi iyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhishwa komkhiqizo kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yethu yesimanje. Lokhu ukubonakaliswa kwenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukuguqula izinsiza zemvelo zibe imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ngokusebenzisa amasu okukhiqiza anembile.
Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-foil yethusi iletha nezinselelo ezithile, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, umthelela wemvelo, njll. Ngokombiko, ukukhiqizwa kwethani le-1 lethusi kudinga cishe u-220GJ wamandla, futhi kukhiqiza amathani angu-2.2 we-carbon dioxide emissions (Northey et al., 2014). Ngakho-ke, kudingeka sithole izindlela ezisebenza kahle nezingasizungezile zokukhiqiza ucwecwe lwethusi.
Isixazululo esisodwa esingaba khona ukusebenzisa ithusi eligaywe kabusha ukuze kukhiqizwe ucwecwe lwethusi. Kubikwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza ithusi eligaywe kabusha kungamaphesenti angama-20 kuphela ethusi eliyinhloko, futhi kunciphisa ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yensimbi yethusi (UNEP, 2011). Ukwengeza, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, singase sithuthukise amasu okukhiqiza ucwecwe lwethusi osebenza kahle futhi onga amandla, sinciphise nakakhulu umthelela wawo kwezemvelo.
Sengiphetha, inqubo yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza i-foil yethusi iyinsimu yezobuchwepheshe egcwele izinselele namathuba. Nakuba senze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo, usemkhulu umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucwecwe lwethusi lungahlangabezana nezidingo zethu zansuku zonke kuyilapho sivikela indawo esihlala kuyo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2023